CHAIR PLAN-Social Innovation Design of Public Space Governance Based on Senior-oriented Communities
作者 / 黄煜斌、胡展鹏、胡宇昕、金小雅、李信昭 指导教师：巩淼森
作品说明
经过对老年型社区“周新苑小区二期”进行实地调研与用户调研，我们发现该社区的单元口有很多老年居民自发放置的座椅，而据居民反映，社区方面并不支持椅子在楼道的留存，居民们甚至有过椅子被清走的情况。由于椅子产生的矛盾，进一步的引发了更多的问题，包括社区和居民之间关系僵化、居民对社区认同感不足等等。通过整合和分析，我们最终将问题定义为：社区公共空间治理问题。为了解决这一问题，我们以系统性的眼光出发，将赋能、自治、推广、延展四个要点作为思路，进行了包括主题式微展览、规范化治理模式以及社区营造服务延展三部分组成的系统性服务设计，通过服务设计在解决切实的空间管理问题以外，实现更深远的人文价值。所以，我们的服务理念是：从椅子出发，营造亲和包容的社区空间！
After conducting field research and user survey on the elderly community "Zhouxinyuan District II", we found that there are many chairs spontaneously placed by the elderly residents at the entrance of the units in the community, but according to the residents, the community does not support the chairs to stay in the hallway, and some residents' chairs have even been cleared away. The conflicts generated by the chairs further led to more problems, including the rigidity of the relationship between the community and the residents, and the lack of residents' sense of identity towards the community, and so on. Through integration and analysis, we finally defined the problem as: community public space governance. In order to solve this problem, we start from a systematic perspective, taking the four points of empowerment, autonomy, promotion and extension as our ideas, and carry out a systematic service design consisting of three parts, including thematic micro-exhibition, standardized governance model and extension of community building services, through which we realize more far-reaching humanistic values in addition to solving practical space management problems. Therefore, our service concept is: to create a friendly and inclusive community space from the chair!
Challenge
Community elderly care is a model of elderly care that provides residence and services for the elderly in urban communities. The core concept of this model is to build a suitable living environment for the elderly in the community and provide a full range of services such as medical, health, culture, entertainment, etc., so that the elderly can enjoy their old age in a familiar community environment.
In recent years, governments across China have been actively promoting the renovation and upgrading of old communities, aiming to enhance the overall image of the city and improve the quality of life of residents. Measures to renovate old communities usually include infrastructure upgrades, public space renovation, greening improvements, and living environment improvements. Some cities have also incorporated the renovation of old communities into the overall planning of urban renewal and community contiguous renovation to achieve more comprehensive and systematic improvements.
In the long-term living and use of old communities, a series of spatial management problems may have accumulated. Irrational spatial planning, the existence of old facilities, and poor governance may lead to a decline in community environmental quality and inconvenience to residents, thereby affecting the relationship between them. Residents may have conflicts over shared space issues, and the cooperative relationship between community management agencies and residents may be negatively affected. Solving these community space governance issues through systematic service design is expected to improve the living environment of community residents, enhance community cohesion, and enhance residents' sense of identity with the community.
Process
The second phase of Zhou Xinyuan Community is located in Shangxian Community under the jurisdiction of Taihu Street in Binhu District. It is a government resettlement housing project and is mainly occupied by elderly retirees. While the design project is being carried out, the old community is about to undergo renovation, and the internal and external environment and supporting resources of the community will be comprehensively improved.
Overall, the community has high greenery and complete infrastructure, and provides a place for residents to gather and relax. However, there are problems such as outdated corridors, no elevators, and accumulation of items. At the same time, old chairs and benches with obvious signs of repair are placed in most corridors. Old people often sit there to rest and talk to each other, forming a spontaneous social space.
For the elderly, old objects often carry deep personal and family memories, and repairing and preserving old objects provides them with a way to connect with their past selves. Due to physical fatigue problems and the need for interpersonal communication, the elderly place seats in the corridors, which may benefit other residents, but it also brings problems to community management and environmental cleanliness. A balance needs to be struck in design and planning to ensure the availability of public spaces. Order and beauty. The design team noticed that the corridor entrance of the community is semi-open, the stairwell area is large, and it can be connected to the power supply. Residents pay attention to dressing up, so it has the potential and flexibility for renovation.
The people who design the scene include elderly and young residents, community managers, property developers, and public welfare organizations. In the community, community property management and managers work together to formulate management regulations to maintain the environment; the relationship between other residents and elderly residents is based on respect and understanding of needs; elderly residents seek convenience while retaining emotional sustenance; Keyi Association connects Elderly residents and managers coordinate the interests of all parties and undertake public welfare activities to enrich residents’ lives.
The design team conducted interviews with users, conducted cluster analysis on the issues, and extracted the needs of all parties. Elderly residents pay attention to seating facilities, social needs and clear communication; community properties expect a clean and safe environment and efficient management methods; community managers focus on cultural creation, renovation needs and improving resident satisfaction.
How can the conflicts between the parties involved in creation, management, communication, feelings, and costs be harmonized? How can conflicts between residents and communities regarding the governance of public space be balanced? The initial idea of the design team is to solve specific problems and alleviate conflicts through construction from three aspects: service optimization, community recognition and space transformation.
Based on the theoretical basis of "governance community", the design team considered the construction of three-dimensional space and the reshaping of community relations from the perspectives of people, culture, place, products, and scenery based on the characteristics of the target community, constructed its design principles, and introduced survey results , formed a design plan including themed micro-exhibitions, standardized governance models and extended community building services.
Outcomes
Starting from chairs to create an friendly and inclusive community space, the chair plan has carried out a three-part systematic service design around the four key words of empowerment, autonomy, promotion and extension.
The first is thematic micro-exhibition, which uses thematic exhibition as the starting link of the service and introduces the participation of multiple stakeholders. Communication is the bridge of understanding, and understanding is the cornerstone of harmony. The design team collaborated with the community to hold a mini-themed exhibition in the corridor, integrating the needs and emotions of the elderly for chairs into the exhibition, creating communication opportunities for the community and residents, and softening the Their relationship, and using the exhibition as the service launch link, promotes the implementation of the service.
The second is to standardize the governance model and integrate multiple resources to form a governance model that can ultimately be implemented and promoted. Focusing on the contradictions caused by the chair, the design team started from residents' autonomy and multi-role empowerment to form a standardized management model for sustainable operation.
Resident empowerment/leadership of residents - led by the building manager, shared governance and sharing. First, select and train leading residents to promote the creation of “acquaintance communities.” Through open selection, the representativeness of building directors is ensured; the follow-up cultivation and participation mechanism helps to improve the management capabilities of building directors and inspire their sense of mission; the incentive mechanism encourages building directors to actively participate in community management and promotes the autonomy and cooperation of community residents. . Second, through the corridor space cultural wall, residents are encouraged to participate in community cultural construction, and periodic theme activities are used as a carrier to stimulate residents' creativity, form a unique corridor culture, increase residents' community identity, and cultivate community cohesion.
Social Work Empowerment/Community Workers - Compare people with others and build empathy. By optimizing the notification process for community staff, blunt daily notifications are emotionally processed, building empathy between staff and residents, and reshaping the relationship attributes within the community.
Standardized management/regional autonomy - cost reduction and efficiency improvement, powerful and feasible. The visual instructions for corridor space management are given to the building director and posted on the corridor notice board. After reading the instructions from the notice board, residents can go to the building director to apply for placing chairs.
The building director registers for approval and provides a chair kit after explaining the chair responsibility statement. After receiving the tool kit, residents pack the cushions, decorate the seats, fill in their names on the number plate, fix it on the chair, and finally place the chair in the designated area. Corridors and chairs under the same brand design coexist harmoniously. The chairs can not only be used under standardized management, but also meet the requirements of creating a civilized city, and have become a distinctive landscape of the community.
Standardized management/community communication - building bridges is powerful and feasible. In the corridor space, an interactive message board will be set up, where residents can directly provide feedback and express their attitudes. The building manager holds periodic meetings in the corridor space to focus on the recent feedback displayed on the interactive message board. The needs and opinions generated by the meeting are conveyed to the community by the building manager. The two parties negotiate and communicate, and finally the building manager presents the solution. Feedback is given to residents to form a virtuous closed loop.
The third is the extension of community building services, which promotes the creation of community atmosphere and further enhances residents' community recognition. The possibility of service iteration includes extending to different types of space management issues through multiple fission, and one of the formal extension ideas is the artistic treatment of old chairs.
Finally, the design team tested the prototype, practiced it and collected suggestions from stakeholders. Feedback from community workers provided a valuable reference for judging service quality, which helped the team better improve and optimize the service process.
Impact
The social innovation of the Chair Plan is reflected in its new perspective of optimizing social relations. Different from the traditional simple environmental transformation, the design team started from the perspective of service design, deeply thought about the relationship between different stakeholders, and provided human interaction in a specific space. Provides innovative solutions. By meeting the needs of all parties and tapping deep community values, the design introduces emotional elements while solving problems, making conflict resolution more flexible while digging deeper into the value of the solution.
After the project, the design team conducted self-reflection and realized that there were certain deficiencies in the way they considered the problem. First, the perspective is not systematic enough and has not fully considered all stakeholders in the community, such as the resources of property and third-party cooperative enterprises. Although a community is small, it is a complex social system that needs to be viewed from a more comprehensive perspective. Secondly, there is a lack of consideration of the implementation details of the plan, and the early preparation and implementation details of the service have not been fully considered. More practical experience is needed to optimize the specific implementation of the plan.
Community renovation is an important part of urban renewal in China. With the continuous deepening of community governance concepts and the application of service design, public space governance will gradually become part of the overall upgrade of old communities. By paying attention to the needs of stakeholders, emphasizing the participation of community residents, and utilizing the rational integration of community resources, the Chair Plan provides new ideas for community transformation and is a positive reference.
